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Separated peptides were ionized through electrospray ionization using the electrospray ion source (Proxeon Biosystems).
After preseparation, the gas samples are led into the ionization chamber, where they are ionized through charge transfer from prior ionized reactant ions.
Therefore, typically neutral species must be ionized through the addition of energy in some form.
Here they were ionized through the 'application of a potential of 70 eV and an emission of current of 200 uA.
The vaporized lithium is assumed to be ionized through the photoionization process: (3) where nLi+ (r, t) is the lithium ion density, and τLi is the lithium ionization constant.
Therefore titanium was ionized through plasma at a temperature of 5000°C.
Similar(54)
Nonmigrating tidal winds in the low and middle latitude E-region move the partially ionized plasma through Earth's magnetic field while the electrons with their high gyro frequency/collision frequency ratio remain fixed to the magnetic field lines.
In the extraction and acceleration regions of the linear TOF, an ultraviolet dye laser ionized the foldamers through a resonant two-photon ultraviolet excitation (∼34,000 cm−1).
The analytes were converted to their ionized form, passed through the supported liquid membrane, and then extracted into the acceptor phase by the applied voltage.
When a positive bias is applied on the active electrode where the BE is grounded, then the Cu or Ag atoms are ionized and drift through the switching medium (solid electrolytes or oxide) under the electric field and finally reach the inert electrode.
The pressure strongly increases in the newly ionized zone, so the ionized gas flows out through the surrounding material.
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