Fatt, P. & Ginsborg, B. L. The ionic requirements for the production of action potentials in crustacean muscle fibres.
Furthermore, Fatt, together with Bernard Ginsborg, worked on the ionic requirements for action potential generation in crayfish muscle, discovering for the first time the existence of Ca2+-mediated action potentials, one of the most important currents present in biological tissues.
The ionic requirements of marine bacteria can also include calcium and magnesium [ 1], but the genetic basis for these requirements is unknown.
In addition to specific ionic requirements and mechanisms to survive osmotic stress, comparative genomics has been used to identify other mechanisms of marine adaptation.
Even with the HA concentrations normalized to 50 ppm, however, the ionic strength requirements were high in these cases.
On the basis of ionic strength requirements and sensitivity to the fungal toxin alpha-amanitin, two major forms (I and II) of nuclear RNA polymerase were identified.
The ionic strength requirements were determined by heating the solution to 70°C (above the CP in all cases) and maintaining this temperature.
In case of bulk materials, all the bonding requirements (ionic, covalent, or metallic) of the material constituent atoms are filled by other atoms in the material.
Given the relative impermeability of the BNI, it is not surprising that exchange of several solutes depends on the presence of specific pumps, transporters, enzymes and receptors designed to meet the metabolic, ionic and other requirements of nerve [for review see 5].
The requirement for ionic regulation continues in the adult and, indeed, ionocyte-like cells have been described in adult frog skin, which has been used as a model for epithelial V-ATPase-dependent Na+ transport for many years (Ehrenfeld, 1998; Ehrenfeld and Klein, 1997).
