The latter involve the valuation of persons, things, or actions in terms of their social status or esteem, their price (economic value), or their desert (as in punishment and reward)—all of which are inexact, comparative, and subject to alteration or adjustment (i.e., moral imposition is an ongoing process).
Indeed, an experiment involving the valuation of hypothetical states using VAS and time trade off methods concluded that "individual response patterns (unrelated to age or other identifiable respondent characteristics) were the main source of 'noise' in the scores" [[ 44] p.9].
Forecasting the air quality state in urban environment as a result of several pollution sources (industries, transports, and residential) involves a valuation of the dispersion, chemical reactions, and natural removal processes which affect the concentrations of the air pollutants in the space around the same sources after the release.
The assessment of this ecosystem service involves the quantification of water resources and the valuation of water use benefits.
Section 642(c)(5) prescribes certain rules for the valuation of contributions involving transfers to certain funds described in that section as pooled income funds.
We exclude wage-and-salary agricultural workers because payments to workers often involve payments in-kind, which makes the valuation of the wage paid difficult.
Estate planning helps explore options involved in tax planning, such as the valuation of intra-family gifts of minority interests in a closely held family business context, limited liability companies, and the use of charitable techniques (Business Wire 2006).
On Tuesday, PSP said it is putting litigation over the $500 million redemption behind it, resolving the matter with Saba "as a commercial dispute involving a good faith disagreement over the valuation of two highly illiquid corporate bonds". While both PSP and Saba are moving on, the settlement is yet another reminder of the perils looming over the hedge fund industry.
The course involves the mastery of increasingly complex questions of enterprise valuation, value creation, business economics, investment related negotiation, and legal structures.
The valuation of foreign assets involves assumptions about exchange rates.
