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The application involves the quantity flexibility (QF) contract and its role in mitigating the bullwhip effect, an amplification of demand variability that can arise under certain conditions.
Function spaces whose definition involves the quantity f**−f∗, which measures the oscillation of f∗, have recently attracted plenty of interest and proved to have many applications in various, quite diverse fields.
The resort to subcontracting is double: first, it involves the quantity of products received on a regular basis in order to compensate for insufficient production capacity in existing facilities, second, when needed, urgent orders are also launched in order to reduce the risk of shortages caused by breakdowns of manufacturing facilities.
The objective function in (29) involves the quantity Pr ( O, Q, E, F | λ ̄ ) which could be expressed analytically as: Pr ( O, Q, E, F | λ ̄ c ) = π q 0 ( c ) ∏ t = 1 T − 1 a q t q t + 1 ( c ) ∏ t = 1 T u q t e t ( c ) w q t e t f t ( c ) b q t e t f t ( c ) ( o t ) (70).
The objective function in (81) involves the quantity Pr ( O, Q, F, E | λ ̄ ) which could be expressed analytically as Pr ( O, Q, F, E | λ ̄ c ) = π q 0 ( c ) ∏ t = 1 T − 1 a q t q t + 1 ( c ) ∏ t = 1 T w q t f t ( c ) u q t f t e t ( c ) b q t f t e t ( c ) ( o t ) (83).
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The approach that comes the closest to meeting these criteria might involve the quantity known as Kolmogorov complexity (also known as algorithmic entropy), which is defined as the length of the shortest possible description of a system (often represented as a string of symbols) 11.
Given the obtained gradient g t, k, the step size involves the following quantities as in Equation (13): g t, k 'g t, k : D multiplications.
It is shown that, when using this definition, the stochastic response of non-classically damped systems involves the evaluation of quantities similar to those of classically damped ones.
The production of present-generation PV power systems is relatively energy intensive, involves the use of large quantities of bulk materials and smaller quantities of substances that are scarce and/or toxic.
Protecting the world from the likes of Saddam Hussein inevitably involves the Pentagon's buying quantities of Patriot missiles, tanks, rifles and other materiel.
Frying is a very energy intensive process as it invariably involves the evaporation of significant quantities of water from the food product.
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