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If perceiving speech involves perceiving gestures, it is not surprising that the visual evidence for articulatory gestures should be weighed against auditory evidence.
In other words, feeling pain normally involves perceiving something in the same sense in which one perceives a red apple when one sees it in good light.
This is introspective use of 'perception' and should be sharply distinguished from what the perceptual theorists mean when they claim that feeling pain involves perceiving something.
Given the core commitment of perceptual views (namely, that feeling pain involves perceiving something extramental), one might think that perceptual theorists identify pain with tissue damage.
Perhaps, as some have argued, perceiving speech involves perceiving articulatory gestures or movements of the mouth and vocal organs (see the supplement on Speech Perception: Empirical and Theoretical Considerations).
Similar to technology adoption, adaptation to climate change is a two-step process that involves perceiving that climate is changing and then responding to the change through adaptation measures (Asrat and Simane 2017a; Deresa et al. 2011).
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According to the prospect theory developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), for example, consumer decision-making process between alternatives involves perceived risk; thus, people often make decisions based on potential losses rather than future gains and tend to place more weight on negative information.
But perceiving speech also might involve perceiving sounds as belonging to language-specific types, such as phonemes, words, or other syntactic categories.
Hence Novalis's call for a romanticizing of the world does not involve perceiving it through a new or different lens, but the ability to raise oneself to a state of critical self-understanding.
Underrepresentation of fathers in caregiver research is a longstanding issue with recognized barriers involving perceived gender roles, restrictions due to employment, and fathers' limited involvement with health professionals [ 44].
The local actors involved perceive the activity as a success, and do not question current practise.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com