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The dismantling involves internalization of VE-cadherin, creating a dynamic passage for larger molecules between endothelial cells.
The distributions of ankyrin, spectrin, band 3, and glycophorin A were examined in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes by immunoelectron microscopy to determine whether movement of parasite proteins and membrane vesicles between the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and erythrocyte surface membrane involves internalization of host membrane skeleton proteins.
Notch signal transduction involves internalization of activating ligands by ligand-producing cells (Seugnet et al., 1997; Fischer et al., 2006; Windler and Bilder, 2010).
The putative mechanism for this cytotoxicity involves internalization of an RNase via endosomes, translocation into the cytosol, and cleavage of cellular RNA, which leads to apoptosis.
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While the mechanism behind this effect was not determined, the authors suggested that antigen uptake by B cells may not involve internalization of whole viral particles, resulting in selective antigen presentation by different B cells via MHC class II and selective help by CD4+ T cells.
In contrast to siderophore-mediated iron uptake processes, which involve internalization of the entire Fe3+/siderophore complexes, the SfuABC (FbpABC) system binds and transports free ferric ions.
This phenomenon, that involves internalization and recycling of native antigen to cell surface, has been described for macrophages associated to the subcapsular sinus [ 31- 33], dendritic cells [ 34- 36] and follicular dendritic cells [ 37].
Using HeLa cells and primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate that surface removal of TLN involves internalization events mediated by the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (and6), and its activator EFA6A.
Second, Ifx induced a rapid (within 4 hours) and active disappearance of mTNF from the surface of CD4+ T lymphocytes, possibly involving internalization or shedding of mTNF.
Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL involved internalization experiments, dynamic PET imaging in LNCaP (PSMA+) and PC3 (PSMA−) tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, biodistribution studies, and metabolic profiling.
Whether FXR activation in mucosal immune cells involves active internalization of conjugated BAs or passive membrane diffusion of unconjugated BAs remains unclear and will be an important area of future investigation.
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