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The theory involves diffusion of an electroactive substances, charge transfer reaction, charging of the double layer and surface roughness.
From an engineering point of view, the transport of gases through perforations is a complex phenomenon that involves diffusion gradients together with co-current transport of multiple species, with oxygen entering the package and carbon dioxide leaving it.
Different from the silicide reaction in SPE, which is realized under iron-rich condition, reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) (deposition of iron on the silicon substrate heated to a determined temperature) most probably involves diffusion of monomers on the surface, which may lead to the formation of unusual silicide structures.
The proposed mechanism involves diffusion of the glucose to glucose oxidase within the xerogel, enzymatic reaction production of H2O2 with subsequent diffusion to the embedded network of MPCs where it is oxidized, an event immediately reported via fast electron transfer (ET) through the MPC system to the working electrode.
These results demonstrate that the adhesion strength is the result of a series of complex phenomena that probably involves diffusion of reactants in PMMA and their crosslinking, as suggested by electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses, other than effects deriving from residual stresses and from the morphology produced during the formation of the coating.
An alternative model involves diffusion of the myosin head on actin to the correct location and orientation for strong binding [16], [17].
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System design required detailed analysis of energy storage and dissipation as our sensing modeling involves diffusion-related electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The first, fast stage pertains to massive transformation with interface-controlled growth, whereas the second, sluggish stage involves diffusion-controlled growth of the product ferrite phase.
"How do you shake things up?" says artistic director Cameron Bailey, who is also masterminding a five year expansion plan for Tiff, involving diffusion programming in London, New York, Los Angeles and Beijing to "expand our global footprint".
Complex equilibria and phase transformations involving diffusion can now be calculated quickly and efficiently.
All processes involved: diffusion, effusion and decay are included to obtain the overall release curve.
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