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An autocatalytic reaction involves a species catalyzing its own formation and can be viewed as a mechanism to explain self-replication.
Notice that the explanandum in these cases ("why is this a man?" or "why is that a house?") involves a species predication ("Callias is a man," "Fallingwater is a house").
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To claim that an object, event or experience was likeable, desirable or enjoyable was not so much to claim that it had been liked, desired or enjoyed by a subject, but involved a species of predictive hypothesis, namely, that it could or would be enjoyed by other persons who possessed the relevant potential capacities.
At a thematic level, Tony Curanaj's still lives involve a species of visual humor conveyed in puzzling or wry juxtapositions.
Discrimination was considered successful if the minimal interspecific distance involving a species was larger than its intraspecific distance [4].
Species resolution was considered as successful if the minimum interspecific p-distance involving a species was larger than its maximum intraspecific p-distance.
Similarly, using Euclidean distance method, species recovery was considered successful if the minimum interspecific Euclidean distance derived from di- and trinucleotide frequencies was higher than the maximum intraspecific Euclidean distance involving a species.
Species discrimination was also calculated using the criteria reported by CBOL plant working group [17] i.e. discrimination was considered successful, if the minimum interspecific K2P (Kimura-2-parameter) distance involving a species was larger than its maximum intraspecific K2P distance.
Anagenesis, or phyletic speciation, involves an immigrant species arriving on an oceanic island and, over time, accruing different morphological and/or genetic features, such that a new species designation seems warranted.
Ethics approval is not required for the research we report here, as it involves an insect species for which no ethical restrictions apply.
Each limiting model involves a subset of species and reactions, and gives features of the full network during the time interval of interest.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com