Age, T stage, N stage, lymph node involvement, number of lymph nodes involved and number of cigarettes smoked per day were the clinical variables affecting survival.
Three out of the five most powerful prognostic determinants are the main individual parameters, which are incorporated in the current staging classifications (depth of bowel wall involvement, number of regional lymph nodes involved and presence of liver metastases).
Tumor size, nodal involvement, number of positive nodes, pathological stages, grade, hormonal receptor status, and lymphatic/vascular invasion were significant prognostic discriminate of DFS (Table 3).
The multivariate model implies that RPA, meningeal involvement, number of extracranial metastatic sites and progressive disease in the brain on imaging are important independent predictive factors.
No characteristic of the initial bone disease could be correlated with the risk of occurrence of second SRE (i.e. axial versus peripheral involvement, number of bone lesions or administration of biphosphonates).
For patients who presented with reactions the type, severity, skin- and/or nerve involvement, number of lesions and relapse were noted, according to state-of-the-art clinical expertise and international consensus scoring [ 21, 22].
Radiographic data were collected on the extension of lungs involvement (number of fields affected), the type of lung lesions (cavities, fibrotic lesions), the presence of pleural effusion and mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes.
A number of studies failed to report a relation between NLR and clinical-pathological features, such as tumour size, microvascular and lymphatic invasion, lymph node involvement, number of metastatic lesions and elevated bio-marker concentration [ 11].
