In recent years, Zn involved surface modifications based on Ti alloy substrates for medical implants received huge attention.
The approach involved surface growth of a silica layer inspired by diatoms; the interfacial adhesion of the layer to the surface was inspired by mussel adhesion.
Biological characterization involved surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analyses and in vitro proliferation assays.
Liquid metal to structural material interfaces involving surfaces, may lower the nucleation barrier promoting bubble nucleation at active sites.
Complex physical and chemical processes involving surfaces include sorption, redox reactions, acid-base chemistry and hydrolysis (Nazaroff and Singer 2004).
The advantage of the level set approach is that one can perform numerical computations involving surfaces on a fixed Cartesian grid without having to parameterise these objects.
Airport security is what people worry about when they think of terrorism, but in fact the overwhelming majority of transportation targets struck by terrorists around the world involve surface transport: bridges, tunnels, roads, rails.
Reverse engineering traditionally involves surface fitting.
EBL method does not involve surface contamination issues.
All flatness problems do not involve surface plates.
