In particular, infructescences, fruits and seeds (reproductive diaspores) have been evolving specific traits involved in specializations that favour long-distance dispersal (hereafter LDD) and thus higher colonization success (Valcárcel and Vargas 2014).
We examined the number and proportion of total births, low birth weight births, and premature births in all regions and the three cities involved in the specialization (Izumisano, Kaizuka, and Kumatori cities) by maternity facility among pregnant women in the Sennan area during the pre-specialization period, the first year after specialization, and the second year after specialization.
B. cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that possesses six polygalacturonase loci that are potentially involved in host specialization [44].
This illuminates pathways involved in ciliary specialization and the molecular mechanism of transcription factors that regulate them.
Rather, they are involved in ecological specialization to a similar extent in both genetic backgrounds, and most probably predated lineage splitting between molecular forms.
In doing so, we provide evidence that the realized ecological niche of each molecular form depends upon chromosomal inversion arrangements, and we show that chromosomal inversions are involved in ecological specialization in a similar way within each form.
This type of position has been shown repeatedly to be involved in functional specialization and of use in engineering proteins to switch their function from one class to that of the other [ 8, 9, 13, 14].
Figure 3 summarizes our results focusing on genes coding for factors that differ between pathotypes in terms of SNPs, pseudogeneization or presence/absence and are potentially involved in host specialization, i.e. related to functions that allow virulence on a plant species but not on another or that differentiate strains that are or are not pathogenic on a given species.
By doing so, the comparison with the extant proteins can lead to the identification of key residues involved in the enzymes' specialization.
Thus, it is possible that AVRk1 paralogs may be involved in the extreme host specialization encountered in this strictly biotrophic pathogen.
