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Analysis involved examination of an image at a single wavelength, taking the ratio of images at different wavelengths, and more sophisticated methods like principal component analysis (PCA: a linear transformation of the images which provides a new set of images which often emphasise differences between the original images) [18].
The first involved examination of not only circulating RNA viral load, but viral DNA that serves as an estimate of the HIV viral reservoir [ 5].
This study involved examination of the tonsillar reticulated crypt epithelium, which is a branching network throughout the palatine tonsil that increases surface area and functions to allow more efficient antigen sampling [ 22- 24].
Selection criteria were developed both a priori and through an iterative process that involved examination of the references and discussion between two authors (DD and DG) across three phases.
In the pre-human genome era, this involved examination of additional recombinant chromosomes to further refine the linkage interval and a variety of molecular biology techniques to identify expressed genes in the region and search for mutations.
Manual evaluation of positively selected genes involved examination of the alignments, where in families with branches with Ka/Ks>1 and alignments where some sequences had a high percentage of gaps, the effect of these sequences on the alignment and subsequent calculation of Ka/Ks ratios was evaluated.
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These absentee ballots were thrown out without warning or appeal even as officials in three Florida counties prepared to undertake tedious recounts that involved minute examination of paper punch-card ballots in search of indentations or other signs of voter intent.
Over a period of 30 years, a study of the natural history of carcinoma in situ involved regular examination of women with cell changes in the cervix.
The immediate colposcopy arm involved colposcopic examination of the cervix at a hospital outpatient clinic.
The protocol for histologic evaluation of SLNB at MDACC involved initial examination of H&E stained sections of SLN bread-loafed perpendicular to the long axis and has been described elsewhere [ 25, 26].
A questionnaire developed by Jette et al. [ 10], regarding physiotherapy, was aimed at describing EBPT-related attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and behaviour; this involved extensive examination of existing guidelines [ 6– 10, 20].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com