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Nine articles involved comparisons of two or more treatment and the remainder involved comparison of treatments with placebo.
We adopted a validation framework that relies on two main streams: (a) validation of model processes and components during model development, which involved a literature survey, design based on similar models, involvement of stakeholders, and focused test scenarios and (b) empirical validation, which involved comparisons of model outputs from multiple realistic simulations against real world data.
Validation involved comparisons of predicted xenobiotic behavior with actual data (from independent studies in the literature) for the herbicides bentazon, chlorimuronethyl, prosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, clopyralid, picloram, fluroxypyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, acifluorfen, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dicamba, haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, and pyridate.
We tested these genome-based groupings by comparing them to the Affymetrix-provided redundant probe set groupings in a differential expression analysis of the GSE4035 data set, which involved comparisons of gene expression between two different brain regions in the mouse.
The latter involved comparisons of the reliabilities and assessments of the relative validity of the short-forms.
The final analyses of the database involved comparisons of the actual data obtained from the individual biomarker samples of a urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and the values predicted by MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides using the CPPAES-derived variables.
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This involved comparison of reviews with respect to research questions, included primary studies, their level of evidence and methodological quality.
This involved comparison of the three IDIFs with the activity concentration measured in the three venous blood samples.
Because patient assessment with this assay in this study involved comparison of data from samples obtained at >1 time-point during early treatment, this would be challenging to implement programmatically in resource-limited settings.
The analysis of the region was carried out in the three S. tuberosum genotypes, DM1-3 516R44 (DM), RH89-039-16 (RH) (respectively, the doubled monoploid and diploid heterozygous clones recently used for the draft sequence of the potato genome) and the heterozygous diploid genotype HB171(13) (HB), and involved comparisons to the whole genome sequence of tomato generated for the cultivar Heinz 1706.
The talk of the time involved comparisons with the crash of 1929 and the subsequent depression, while central banks reacted to those concerns by colluding to cut interest rates.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com