Unmeasured confounders influencing both CRS and adiposity are not represented on this diagram, but are likely to be involved, biasing the cross-sectional association between baseline CRS and adiposity.
The most recent F.B.I. count, for 2010, reports 6,628 "criminal incidents" involving bias — instances where local authorities judged that the offender was motivated by hatred of a particular group.
"These indictments send the message that crimes involving bias and prejudice on Staten Island will be thoroughly investigated and vigorously prosecuted by this administration and that anyone who engages in this kind of criminal behavior will face the appropriate consequences," Mr. Donovan, a Republican who took office in January, said in a written statement.
Do you really think that having another law in the books is really going to make that point?" Hate crime advocates dismiss this view and point to the statistics: More than 6,000 criminal incidents involving bias occurred in 2010, and attacks against gay people accounted for nearly a fifth of these, according to the FBI.
The second issue involves bias in the citation behavior: well-studied sub-regions, by definition, are more avidly studied.
Although artificially sweetened beverages and fruit juice also showd positive associations with incidence of type 2 diabetes, the findings were likely to involve bias.
Mr. McCain and Mr. Grassley had raised similar concerns about a $1.4 billion settlement in 2003 with several Wall Street firms involving biased reports by research departments.
In New Jersey, the cases involving bias-intimidation crimes that have carried long sentences have generally involved violence — for example, where a defendant physically assaults someone while using a racial slur.
Virtually every investigator evaluating these techniques has noted that all methods used to estimate fish density involve biases of some kind [4], [12] [15].
