Weight gain in shift workers may be related to several mechanisms which involved alternations of genetic factors, glucose and lipid homeostasis, thermogenic response due to a night eating pattern and neurohumoral factors such as leptin and ghrelin [ 4].
Like plants and many protists, brown algae undergo a complex life cycle involving alternation of generations.
Life cycles involving alternation between parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction can be found in many species of Homoptera and Diptera (flies).
Life histories commonly involve alternation of a very small polyp, the scyphistoma, with a medusa, which develops from an ephyra released by the polyp.
Their life-cycles involve alternation between two very different hosts, typically vertebrates and biting insects, each of which represent considerable, but very different, challenges to the parasites' survival.
Strongyloides spp. are soil-dwelling helminths with complex lifecycles involving alternation of free-living and parasitic stages (heterogony).
The dynamics of such complex lifecycles are poorly understood, and complex bottom-up impacts may apply to other groups with multivoltine or more complex lifecycles, particularly where these involve alternation between generations and/or plant hosts (including many aphids; Harrington et al. 2007).
In contrast to the coal cyclothems, predominantly marine intervals of Pennsylvanian age in the western midcontinent (Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri) exhibit cyclothems involving alternations of limestone and shale.
GST pi polymorphism has been suggested to be involved in alternation of GST pi enzyme activity.
