The conjunction [p & p′] of the two component structural states of affairs, therefore, is impossible simply in virtue of the fact that the structure that defines either (and endows it with its particular causal properties) involves relations between the constituents of s that are not part of the structure that defines the other.
This means, in turn, that we must distinguish between the common idea of space, according to which space is conceived of as involving relations among various objects (like the space of our air), and the mathematical idea, one presumably obtained from geometry or geometrical reasoning, that space is independent of any objects or their relations.
Peirce's early insight into the importance of reasoning involving relations is a key element in understanding the difference between Peirce's and Frege's developments of first-order logic.[8] Furthermore, in the next section we will show how Peirce's obsession with the logic of relations led him to the invention of Existential Graphs.
This structure involves relations among a large domain of several parties that are equitable, interdependent, include a variety of people and types of exchange, and have a supportive superstructure.... Peace-building thus requires a process of nonviolent social change toward equality" [ 9].
Several said in interviews that they thought the State Department's review process relied on an overly broad interpretation of public-records laws that restrict release of certain information involving relations with foreign governments.
They are not rules, because they involve perceived relations of similarity (of puzzle-solution to a paradigm).
Indeed, natural populations of coffee trees are usually small, isolated populations with a small number of mother trees and a few juveniles, involving major relations of kinship, despite the strict outcrossing of the studied species.
While these cases "involve" a relation of co-reference between the denoting concepts, or between one denoting concept and the term denoted, this relation is not part of what is stated: the one relation stated remains "pure identity".
Finally, instead of linear terms in model (1), our new discrete model involves nonlinear relation of macroeconomic variables, which is more accurate in describing the actual data.
