Sentence examples for involve effective population from inspiring English sources

The parameters depend on the particular model and usually involve effective population sizes, migration rates, splitting times, admixture coefficients, population growth rates, etc.

Further population-level work involving the comparison of effective population size between these three species would shed light on this inconsistency.

If any of the estimates in [ 26] originated from a population that had undergone a serious bottleneck in the past such as humans [ 27], the effects for these populations may mimic those found for domestication as it usually involves a reduction in effective population size, which leads to a less effective response to selection and an increase in the fixation of deleterious mutants [ 28- 30].

For example, the population splitting involved in speciation implies reduced effective population size (N e ) which could increase the fraction of mutations that are effectively neutral (with 0 < N e |s| < < 1) and therefore able to reach fixation.

The unresolved phylogenetic relationships among strongylocentrotids underscores the problem of using few loci in a group with large effective population sizes and complex histories that may involve hybridization [ 37].

For example the average generation time will depend markedly on the fraction of time spent in the host and environment, which will vary over time, Also the effective population size will vary and affect retention of the mutations involved.

Three important aspects of the population genetic environment that merit consideration are the effective population size, the generation time of the organisms involved and the mutation rate.

Point estimation methods must be interpreted cautiously and more sophisticated methods involving computationally intensive algorithms and/or multiple cohorts are often preferred to estimate properly effective population size (Waples 1989).

Because cultivated species have generally suffered strong bottlenecks through domestication (Doebley et al. 2006), gene flow involving wild species and their domesticated counterparts is valuable in the enrichment of their effective population sizes.

Both involve the evolution of three populations (two split from the ancestral population) and changes of the effective population size.

Consequently, variation in the age-trajectories of survival and fertility among populations do not greatly alter selection on alleles involved in susceptibility to late-onset diseases (in agreement with results from [3]), unless such changes alter the effective population size.