Atypical (and, possibly, horizontally transferred) genes detection can be pursued by composition-based methods [ 5, 6] that involve alignment-free features, such as GC% content and/or δ* [ 6].
HGT detection has been pursued by phylogenetic methods, based on sequence alignment, and by composition-based methods that involve alignment-free features such as G + C content, synonymous codon usage (SCU) and the frequencies of overlapping short oligomers.
Transcriptomics involves alignment and analysis of RNA sequence reads and they are aligned using RNA specific aligners to detect new splicing junctions.
The result is a monolithic structure, i.e. no assembly of a nozzle-plate to the system involving alignment, gluing or bonding is necessary.
The performance characteristics and quality assurance aspects of this kV-CBCT technique involves alignment of the kilovoltage imaging system to the isocenter of the medical linear accelerator and assessment of (a) image contrast, (b) spatial accuracy of the images, (c) image uniformity, and (d) computed tomography (CT -to-electron density CT -to-electrontionship were investigated.
This step involves alignment of a large number of reads to the current assembly.
Procrustes analysis is a widely used method in geometric morphometrics and involves alignment of models by optimal translation, rotation, and scaling of objects [ 20].
Achieving (4) organizational goals was expressed as a limiting, or organizational focusing process, which involved alignment or balancing of multiple goals and values.
Discovery of these polymorphisms usually involves alignment of sequences obtained from the sequencing of EST libraries from different genotypes of the same species [ 8] or from re-sequencing of PCR fragments [ 9].
It should also be noted that the next stage in ENSEMBL involves alignment of species-specific cDNA and EST sequences to the genome and a careful treatment of non-translated region of cDNA.
