That doctrine has been invoked in cases involving the protection of Chicago's lakefront and of Mono Lake in the Sierra Nevada.
On eight of the 11 occasions when the act has been invoked in cases involving dock workers, the dispute re-emerged after 80 days.
See Ritter v. Narragansett Electric Co., 109 R.I. 176, 192, 283 A.263255, 263 (1971) ("It is our conclusion, then, that the rule stated in § 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts may be invoked in cases of products liability in appropriate cases".).
Often arbitration clauses are invoked in cases where consumers feel they have been financially slighted seeing charges on their phone bills for services they never wanted, for instance but the Times investigation found arbitrations used in more serious cases of medical malpractice, theft, hate crimes, and discrimination.
Most cases are concerned with issues such as the right to access abortion or the duty of the state to contain or restrict dangerous substances60 or other hazards.61 The right to life is usually invoked in cases where there is a clear and relatively easily remedied threat to human life.
Nice-based attorney and family law expert Marie-Pierre Lazard-Pourcines told VICE News that Article 175-2 is often invoked in cases of lack of consent involving minors, but that she had never heard of a case where the article had been invoked over suspected coerced radicalization.
The provision for restitution, enacted in 1994, had yet to be invoked in a case of child-pornography possession.
That test was designed to prevent pornographers, for example, becoming media owners - but it cannot now be invoked in the case of the Murdoch merger.
That law has not been invoked in this case, but was cited by the Sanford police as the reason officers did not initially arrest Mr. Zimmerman.
