Idiosyncrasy refers to the specificity of an investment (input, technology, or skill) that is valuable only in one well-determined function and otherwise useless.
Considering the large abundance of Si on the earth's crust and the hyper amount of investment input in the Si solar cell industry, new approaches to enhance V OC, J SC, and/or FF for further increasing Si solar cell efficiency are always in demand.
The agrarian crisis is most often related to the liberalization of the Indian economy: "the adoption of the neoliberal model of capitalism by the ruling elite in India since the early 1990s have led to distinct aggregate-level institutional and policy changes related to public investment, input subsidies, organized credit and external trade" [ 8].
Of course, the cultivation of 'cash crops' particularly vegetables requires significantly higher investment of inputs (fertiliser, irrigation, pesticides, herbicides) and labour than growing staples.
The balance of 572 798 ha could only be brought under the FMU system with high investment or inputs.
To be acceptable to NIHR, our framework needed to address the inherent challenges of measuring performance in health research, namely: the long lead time between investment activity (inputs) and return on investment (outputs and outcomes) associated with health research; the non-linearity of the research process; and the effect that these factors have on attributing outcomes [ 19- 21].
Public policymakers should reform input supply networks and increase investment in input storage and road infrastructure.
Farmers' productivity could also increase: their incomes will rise, and this in turn allows for investments into inputs such as fertiliser and seeds needed to boost food production.
For example, in the Grossman model (1972) health is produced using market goods (e.g., medical services) and non-market goods (e.g., time investments) as inputs.
For example, the output, profit, productivity, product quality, etc., may be maximized, or the cost per item, investment, energy input, etc., may be minimized.
