Exact(2)
A third drug, apixaban (Eliquis), exceeded investigators' expectations in global clinical trials, according to findings just reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, and the manufacturer will seek F.D.A. approval by year's end.
Blinding of study units and investigators minimizes the risk of performance bias (systematic differences between groups in the care that is provided or in exposure to factors other than the interventions of interest due to lack of blinding of investigators) and detection bias (systematic differences between groups in how outcomes are determined) due to participants' or investigators' expectations.
Similar(58)
Open label studies introduce bias as patient and investigator expectations can influence outcome.
This assumption strengthens the investigator's expectations with regard to how research products will be used: investigators will produce scientific knowledge for the professionals, who will be eager to use it to improve their professional practices.
* Includes patients not meeting the protocol-specified, progressively stricter glycemic rescue criteria and/or not meeting the investigator's expectations of glycemic improvement.
†Includes patients not meeting the progressively stricter, protocol-specified, glycemic rescue criteria and/or not meeting the investigator's expectations of glycemic improvement.
On the other hand, Free-Report Protocols and Think- Aloud Protocols have the advantage as compared to other information acquisition methods, involving more asking specific questions to the doctors, that they are minimally affected by the investigator's expectations.
Some of these investigators have unrealistic expectations as to what specimens are available.
Mr. Cuomo's aides say the documents are protected by attorney-client privilege and as "work product," and say the memo published by The Times-Union names witnesses who had spoken to investigators with the expectation that their names would remain confidential.
Contrary to their expectations, the investigators found no increase in daytime drowsiness in healthy older people.
Studies based on these expectations led investigators to conclude that rat-killing behaviour among cats is learned rather than instinctive, that human fears are all acquired, or that intelligence is completely the result of experience.
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