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To clarify the evolutionary history of the inversion pattern found in the two Wolbachia strains at the wMel#2 locus, we mapped the distribution of ISWpi1 insertion and inversion patterns onto a phylogeny of Wolbachia strains (Fig. 2).
Nonetheless, they also primarily show the typical symmetrical inversion pattern around the replication origin.
Two atypical NJ trees were observed for PLG 10 and PLG 1 + 2 + 4. Concerning PLG 10, we propose that a nested inversion pattern differentiates the two homologous chromosomes.
The chaetal arrangement in Sabellariidae has recently been dismissed as homologous to the sabellid-serpulid chaetal inversion pattern, and therefore provides no support for a sister-group relationship of sabellids and sabellariids with exclusion of the Spionida s.str.str
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The inversion patterns have been revealed by HF-etching: domain walls are perpendicular to the surface in the first microns beneath the surface and their depth is almost the whole thickness of the wafer.
This indicates that A. arabiensis, rather than A. merus, is the sister taxon of A. gambiae s.s., in contrast to expectations based on chromosomal inversion patterns [5].
Thus, the observed ISWpi1 inversion patterns at the wMel#2 and wMel 7 loci correspond to configuration (d) shown in Fig 3. We conclude that the ISWpi1 inversion events at the wMel#2 and wMel 7 loci were generated by ectopic recombination between the TIRs of ISWpi1 copies, with concomitant conversion of the right TIR sequence into that of the left TIR.
The latter hypothesis would be consistent with the distant phylogenetic relationship between these two species, as suggested by their chromosomal inversions patterns [ 11, 28].
The idea is a characteristic PhC structure (called a conjugated PhC structure) in which inversion photonic patterns are fabricated at the incident interface and they have common photonic band-gap against the wavelength of propagating light.
To account for an inversion in patterns of BOLD activity, it would be necessary to appeal to an implausible inversion of the meaning of the terms "free" and "instructed" on the part of our participants.
In contrast, cases of chimpanzee-specific inversions produced patterns in which only the chimpanzee genome showed different graphical patterns from the others.
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