Sentence examples for inventive output from inspiring English sources

Table 3 provides a summary of key studies using inventive output indicators.

Table 3 Summary of studies using university/PRI inventive output indicators Inventive output indicators Authors Disclosures Chapple et al. 2005 Disclosures, patents Carlsson and Fridh 2002 Gulbrandsen and Rasmussen 2012 Park et al. 2010 Knowledge infrastructure Keane and Allison 1999 Non-resident tuition rate Baryla and Dotterweich 2001 Patent citations Beaudry and Kananian.

Pakes and Griliches (1984) established a strong association between R&D and patent counts at the firm and industry levels to demonstrate that patents are appropriate measures of inventive output.

Over time, however, as firms learn and/or the knowledge becomes codified in routine procedures or commercially available equipment, inventive output is more highly dependent on traditional R&D investments.

In the first block of the framework in Fig. 4, the studies generally adopted the approach of using the inventive output of universities/PRIs as proxy indicators to estimate their social and economic impact.

In practice, there is much knowledge exchange between universities/PRIs and the industry, as the inventive output from the former could be inspired by the problems encountered by the latter through research collaboration.

To address the challenges and limitations, the universities/PRIs of the other innovation-driven economies are invited to use the RICV approach to inform strategic decision-making in shaping research agenda, allocating resources, influencing inventive outputs and determining the effectiveness of commercialisation outputs.

In the case of Singapore PRIs, all the indicators highlighted in blocks 1 and 2 were used to measure their inventive and commercialisation output for tracking progress and benchmarking with local and international counterparts, as indicated in Fig. 5.

He was best known as being half of the great krautrock group Cluster and a third of Harmonia, but his immensely varied and voluminous output spanned inventive collaborations with the late legendary producer Conny Plank, Guru Guru drummer Mani Neumeier, the great musician Asmus Tietchens, and many more.

This paper aims at contributing to the literature by analyzing how direct academic involvement affects the output of inventive activities of research teams with different organizational backgrounds.

And the works of Gonzalez and Picasso, in turn, inspired David Smith, an American who might be called the Picasso of welding, so inventive and prolific was his output from the 1930's into the 1960's.