Thus bridges are built; harbours opened; ramparts raised; canals formed; fleets equipped; and armies disciplined every where, by the care of government, which, though composed of men subject to all human infirmities, becomes, by one of the finest and most subtle inventions imaginable, a composition, which is, in some measure, exempted from all these infirmities (Hume 1739 : 3.2.7).
In 1786 the English drawing master Alexander Cozens published an instructional manual, A New Method for Assisting the Invention in Drawing Original Compositions of Landscape, entirely based on the development of blot drawing.
One artist who tried to systematize the use of the fortuitous mark was the English landscape painter Alexander Cozens, whose 1785 how-to manual, "A New Method of Assisting the Invention in Drawing Original Compositions of Landscape," recommends covering the page with random ink blots, "to draw forth ideas of an ingenious mind disposed to the art of designing".
Iris Murdoch said there is a period of invention and a period of composition - I have borrowed that for myself".
Every pair within a combination is then assigned a z-score (see, the Method section), and the composition of an invention can be captured by three statistics: its median (z_{mathrm{med}}) and minimum (z_{mathrm{min}}), and the difference between the two (Delta z equiv z_{mathrm{med}}-z_{mathrm{min}}) [9].
Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something novel (i.e., original and unexpected) and appropriate (i.e., valuable and adaptive concerning task constraints) is created [ 1], such as an idea, an artistic or literary work, a painting or musical composition, a solution, and an invention.
With centuries of music now reduced to malleable digital files, the craft of written composition that has existed since the invention of early notation is being directly challenged.
Professors, for their part, are not honoured for their joy in invention, but rather for looking askance at the composition of the boards in charge of decision-making.
Brainstorm some keywords related to the composition and primary use of an invention.
The court's decision is a narrow one, recognizing the distinction the patent system must make between natural phenomena like DNA and the invention or discovery of "any new and useful... composition of matter".
