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Due to the Markovian property of the dynamic models, the inter-period dependency is assumed invariant over time.
Recalling Assumption 1, we know that the correlation matrix of the input vector is invariant over time, as a result, the correlation matrix (mathbf {R}_{u_{l,i}}) can be represented as (mathbf {R}_{u_{l}}).
In order to keep the amplitude and wave velocity of MMF invariant over time and avoid the pulse vibration and movement with variable velocity of MMF, we solved the MMFs under different arrangements of three-phase winding.
If traffic is invariant over time, this type of simulation models the steady-state average traffic conditions and is stated as static; if traffic changes over time, this type models the variant nature of traffic and is stated as dynamic.
In the measurements, it was found that the channel response remained practically constant for periods of over 7 seconds (the envelope autocorrelation function remained invariant over time at a level above 0.9), for the whole ensemble of measurement locations (aisle and seats), and of all three frequency bands.
To facilitate analytical studies, we assume that all the input vectors u k,i,∀k,i are independent of each other and the correlation matrix of the input vector u k,i is invariant over time, which is defined as E[mathbf{u}_{k,i}mathbf{u}_{k,i}^]mathbf{R}_{u_{k}}.
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In summary, metric invariance across gender was found for five items (A, B, D, E and F) at cycle 1 and all items at cycles 4 and 7 whereas metric invariance over time was partial for men (3 items invariant: A, D and E) and for women (4 items invariant: A, C, D and E).
Also, the size-frequency distributions of lunar and Martian craters appear invariant over long time scales (e.g., Neukum and Ivanov, 1994; Werner et al., 2009).
Moreover, CO2 and bicarbonate are at chemical equilibrium, as their ratio was found to be invariant over the time of the experiments (2 h) and this ratio was quite close to the value calculated from the p Ka for CO2 (6.80 in D2O).
Models included a state fixed effect that controlled for state factors that do no vary over time (invariant factors) and a year effect that controlled for national secular trends, in addition to individual-level covariates, and state privately insured population rates among those 50-64 years. 50-64 years
Therefore, αi measures all observable characteristics that are time-invariant for each hospital over time.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com