Sentence examples for invariable distance from inspiring English sources

And when high-definition video cameras have been used in the past for 3-D Imax, their lenses have been fixed at a invariable distance apart, limiting the range in which 3-D images retain their depth.

A maximum-likelihood phylogeny was constructed using PhyML [ 40] (GTR + G + I model, optimizing the α parameter and invariable sites), and the distances between the 5′ and 3′ LTRs of yaks and cattle/zebus were retrieved and applied as described in [ 24] to estimate a substitution ratio.

We show that if the thickness of the walls and the distance between them remain invariable while the height of walls becomes taller, the field enhancement factor increases monotonically but never exceeds a certain constant value.

For the paralinear distance analyses, the proportion of invariable sites in the considered alignment was estimated using likelihood and assuming a HKY85 + gamma + proportion of invariable sites model of DNA evolution.

In genetic distance approaches, adding highly variable markers to invariable markers dilutes the genetic distances, making species discrimination less likely.

The proportion of invariable sites was estimated from the data and the Jones, Taylor and Thornton (JTT-) distance matrix [ 27] served as a substitution matrix.

Using Tree-Puzzle 5.0 [ 79] we generated maximum-likelihood distance matrices in which among-site substitution rate heterogeneity was corrected using an invariable and eight gamma-distributed substitution rate categories and the JTT model.

A distance matrix calculated using HKY MODELGENERATOR estimated a transition/transversion ratio of 5.80, a proportion of invariable sites as 36% and nucleotide frequencies: A = 23.17 %, C = 25.44 %, G = 23.64% T = 27.75 %.

Next, a maximum likelihood tree is built from the alignment by PHYML (substitution model: HKY; Transition/transversion ratio∶4.0; Proportion of invariable sites: program estimated; Number of substitution rate categories: 1; Gamma distribution parameter∶1.0; Starting tree: BIONJ distance-based tree; No starting tree optimization) [41].

For distance trees, distances were calculated using TREE-PUZZLE 5.2 [ 45] with 8 variable rate categories and invariable sites.

Computation of their mean distance and standard deviation allowed the definition of 17 genes clusters whose distance to oriC remains relatively invariable across species (Table 4).