But a further issue that might be raised here is whether Estlund has genuinely identified the fallback point of invalidated consent and non-consent.
"If evidence should emerge that the awards to Qatar and Russia only came about thanks to bought votes then the awards could be invalidated," said Domenico Scala, the independent chairman of Fifa's audit and compliance committee, in an interview with the Swiss newspaper SonntagsZeitung.
The number of polling stations and votes invalidated on procedural grounds was correspondingly low.
The US has lobbied governments around the world to refuse entry to Snowden and has invalidated his US passport.
In 1994, writing for a majority on the Court, she invalidated an oddly shaped congressional district in North Carolina, designed to ensure the election of a black congressman.
Last June the Supreme Court invalidated an important clause of the Voting Rights Act, leaving its future uncertain.
There were calls for a recount, or even for the election to be invalidated.
In two previous gay rights cases in 1996 and 2013, the Supreme Court invalidated laws targeting gays without clarifying which level of review is appropriate.
Three had what were, in his opinion, serious errors that invalidated the principal conclusions made about the growth of seven of the 11 dinosaur species those papers looked at.
A dozen opposition candidates cried fraud and called for the election to be invalidated, but the two presumed front-runners later changed their mind.
Is this the start of a political comeback?The reason for his visit was that, on July 4th, the constitutional council invalidated his 2012 campaign accounts because he overspent (by 2%) the legal cap and made party use of public presidential trips.
