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Back in March, the thinktank Policy exchange recommended Ofsted abandon its "unreliable and invalid" methods of observing classroom lessons during school inspections.
Their reasons were entirely trivial: one cited the difficult of putting together a data set (wouldn't this have to be done anyway in order to publish a paper?); another was concerned that the data might be analyzed using invalid methods (surely a judgment for the scientific community as a whole).
Very diverse designs and often invalid methods for calculating costs were found.
Such complications are often addressed by statistically invalid methods of analysis, in particular, intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.
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In this article we focus on an invalid method to assess effect modification, which is often used in articles in health sciences journals [ 6], namely concluding that there is no effect modification if the confidence intervals of the subgroups are overlapping [ 7– 9].
Prakash showed in a proof-of-concept video that he could specify an invalid payment method, expressed in a simple string of characters like "abc" or "xyz," and not be billed for the ride.
In Germany, the IQWiG generally recommends adjusted indirect comparisons (particularly the approach by Bucher [4]) and usually rejects unadjusted indirect comparisons as an invalid analytical method.
An inappropriate or invalid research method will either not generate an answer to the question, or will not result in a meaningful or significant answer to the question.
With invalid data excluded (Methods), the remaining 2,917 CDSs were likely conserved in all the strains used in this study.
However, direct comparisons were deemed invalid because the methods implemented in the isolation of the glycoprotein differed.
Each ORFeome was scanned for detection of invalid ORFs (see Methods), lacking ATG-start and TAA, TAG and TGA stop-codons.
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