Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(1)
For indicators with sub-questions, the total number of yes answers were tallied and divided by the total number of valid answers (an invalid answer is an answer of "don't know").
Similar(59)
For this and all other variables, 'don't know' and invalid answers were not included.
Invalid answers in the background questionnaires, such as when the respondent selects two or more response options in a categorical variable, are considered to be omitted and thus missing (Foy & Olson, 2007).
Because data were collected using telephone interviews we had to adapt measures to suit a brief format in order to avoid people hanging up mid-way or providing invalid answers to hurry the interview, a problem encountered with this data collection method.
The remaining one was unusable owing to numerous invalid answers.
Invalid answers may also have occurred because of embarrassment.
Additional 82 were excluded due to invalid answers (e.g., individuals who ticked off several boxes per item).
Sixty per cent (534/891) of female patients answered and returned TEP and 530 were included in our final dataset, as four respondents were excluded (one male patient, and three patients because of invalid answers or more than half of the answers missing).
We repeated the analysis using a conditional logit model without the respondents who chose the payment mechanism that was intended to be inferior in the fixed task choice set, as it is plausible (but not cogent) that these respondents gave invalid answers.
A questionnaire was considered invalid if answers were missing for one or more questions.
Of these, 2,596 were invalid (fax or answering machines), and those reached at 1,765 numbers were ineligible (either non-Cantonese speakers, resident <12 months, or businesses).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com