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Alien DNA Much of the baggage in the genome comes not from dead genes, however, but from invading viruses.
Antibodies use these protein fragments to recognise invading viruses and launch their attacks.
The Cas9-RNA complexes then patrol the genome, sniff out invading viruses, and destroy the viral DNA.
Much of the baggage in the genome comes not from dead genes, however, but from invading viruses.
CRISPR Cas9 systems function as an adaptive immune system in bacteria for defence against invading viruses and plasmids2,3,4.
Prokaryotic cells possess CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems that protect them from foreign genetic elements, such as invading viruses.
The enzymes are there to do a job, in this case chopping up the DNA of invading viruses.
In this jungle of invading viruses, undead pseudogenes, shuffled exons and epigenetic marks, can the classical concept of the gene survive?
Specialists have long known that invading viruses and bacteria can change the balance in healthy tissue causing it to become cancerous.
These naturally occurring systems help microbes defend themselves from invading viruses using an elegant mechanism that has been studied by microbiologists for more than twenty years.
CRISPR-Cas copies snippets of DNA from invading viruses so that subsequent generations of bacteria can repel these pathogens more effectively.
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