This results in more frequent flooding and inundation problems in urban areas.
About 80%% of precipitation occurs in Nepal from June through September, during this season, the entire Terai region observes inundation problems.
Although MCS is easy to use, it is restricted by extensive computational needs, particularly for large-scale flood inundation modelling problems.
Beyond the immediate risk associated with lahar inundation, a significant problem for many communities will be managing displaced populations and dealing with long recovery time frames (years to decades) of damaged communities.
"There is also evidence," the report says, "that extraction of large volumes of oil and gas has exacerbated the problems of inundation and saltwater intrusion"—that is, withdrawing oil and gas along geologic faults seems to exacerbate subsidence in coastal Louisiana.
The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel inundation, the swamping of the Lower East Side, the huge problems at New York hospitals, the stranding of the holdouts in Atlantic City, all became apparent on Twitter in vivid detail.
A hurricane storm surge test problem shows that a 10 m resolution, 12 h inundation forecast for a 40 km length of coastline can be completed in under 2 h using 512 processors.
But an inundation of "available material" can create its own set of problems, and futurists trying to identify the skills that will be needed in coming decades should not overlook a talent for cutting the inessential.
The shortfall means the world is on track for warming of 3C or 4C, which will cause a cascade of problems including extreme weather events, deadly heatwaves, coastal inundation by the rising seas and extinction of many of the world's animal species.
The problem, of course, is that the narrow band of the inundation zone corresponds to the most popular and populous places on the coast: the area where homes, businesses, and tourists all tend to congregate.
