This introduced population is known to be from the same introduction source as those in this study, but exists outside of the native California Tiger Salamander range.
For example, for highly structured populations multiple introduction events from a single population may lead to lower overall diversity than a single introduction sourced from numerous structured native range populations [ 16].
When hybridization occurs as the result of introductions of an exotic species, the evolutionary outcomes are somewhat modified because ongoing gene flow from the introduction source is limited or absent [ 9, 10].
When there is a single introduction source, e.g. infested plant material from a single supplier, even isolated populations experiencing no gene flow will not show genetic differentiation, since all populations will share the same alleles present in the source [ 70].
Anthropogenic landscapes may serve as an introduction source (Fitzpatrick and Shaffer 2007), facilitate colonization (Culley and Hardiman 2009) by both parental species, or promote conditions that alter the relative fitness of parental species and hybrids (Martin et al. 2006), any of which could affect the extent and direction of gene exchange.
This paper presents an extension of the Bayesian approach to population variability analysis, which concerns the introduction of sources estimates (e.g. engineering judgment) as one of the forms of evidence used in the construction of population variability distributions.
To avoid introduction of sources of errors whole biopsies is preferred for clinical use.
A statistical introduction to sources of bias can be found in Matthews [ 3], while an overview for a broader audience is provided in Jadad and Enkin [ 4].
As we state in the introduction, diverse sources of evidence suggest that tetramer formation among MADS domain proteins depends on each MADS domain protein binding directly to two other MADS domain proteins in the tetramer through different protein domains.
We noted in the introduction that source-type diagrams can be useful for inversion, because we sometimes need to constrain the source type itself (e.g., Ford et al. 2010; Nayak and Dreger 2015).
