Introduction: Cross-sectional studies have repeatedly observed that African American adolescents are less likely to smoke when compared to White and Hispanic adolescents.
Introduction: This cross-sectional community-based randomized telephone survey, aimed to compare the parental risk perceptions on childhood pedestrian road safety among three different major community language speaking groups and the mainstream English speaking Australians in Sydney, Australia.
Initially, the introduction of cross-sectional imaging has tremendously improved the field of radiation oncology [100].
Its use as a gold standard technique for radiological examination of the SB was justified before the introduction of cross-sectional modalities because of its high negative predictive value and ability to identify even subtle mucosal abnormalities in experienced hands.
The introduction of cross-sectional imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography (CT), has allowed easier identification of intracerebral calcifications and specifically the lesser common brain stones in a wide range of clinical entities and disease states [4].
Difficulties arose when the number of lesions per patient that could be evaluated increased, mainly after the introduction of cross-sectional imaging methods [ 4].
Before the introduction of cross-sectional imaging, the peritoneum and its reflections could only be imaged with difficulty, often requiring invasive techniques.
With the introduction of cross-sectional imaging methods, the number of measurable metastatic lesions detected in a single patient has increased dramatically, and most oncologists (as well as study protocols) recommend the use of one lesion or a few 'representative' lesions to evaluate response in individual patients with multiple lesions [ 4].
Objective: With the introduction of cross-sectional imaging methods the number of lesions per patient that can be evaluated is frequently large and most oncologists and study protocols use only one lesion or a few 'representative' lesions to evaluate chemotherapy response.
Clinical measurement, cross sectional.
DESIGN: : Cross sectional surveys.
