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Usually, the vacuum annealing effectively introduces oxygen vacancies into oxides, while the rich oxygen annealing reduce oxygen vacancies.
Methyl butanoate pyrolysis is a very different system as the starting molecule introduces oxygen into the system.
Our characterizations reveal that the process of functionalization not only removes the non-diamond content and impurities by significantly reducing DND's size but also introduces oxygen containing functional groups on its surface.
The process of pumping water from the mines introduces oxygen via aeration, thereby oxidising the rock's pyrite.
I have since learned (and am so thankful) that opening the hood introduces oxygen to fire which seeks it out and it can cause horrific results.
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Y2O3 oxide is added to ZrO2 to stabilize the cubic form of ZrO2 and to introduce oxygen vacancies, which results in a material with a high electrical conductivity.
Moreover, NH3 treatment may also vary the energy level of WO3 by introducing oxygen vacancies.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are versatile biocatalysts that introduce oxygen into a vast range of molecules.
Ce3+ ions have a higher ionic radius (1.034 Å) compared with the Ce4+ ions (0.92 Å) and introduce oxygen vacancies.
Potassium hydroxide has been employed to generate porosity and introduce oxygen functionalities into the framework of carbon.
Furthermore, small amounts of Cu2+ dopant in the lattice sites of TiO2 introduce oxygen vacancies due to the charge compensation effect [36, 41].
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