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We demonstrate in the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum, the complete and efficient removal of the introduced resistance gene.
One study tested wheat varieties with introduced resistance genes against leaf and stripe rust and reported a 12% reduction of yield [49], which was considered to be a very large effect [50].
However, introduced resistance can often be broken within few years of release, often due to mutation of cognate avirulence genes in fungal field populations.
To conclusively rule out the possibility that rare gene flow events may have introduced resistance alleles across disparate areas, however, we will need to determine whether the genetic basis of resistance across populations differs, and perform an analysis of the phylogeographic history of resistance alleles.
We assessed patterns of neutral genetic variation across this species' range using a variety of metrics to determine whether genetic diversity and population structure were influenced by recent selection via herbicide application and, in addition, to assess the likelihood that gene flow could introduce, or has historically introduced, resistance alleles to once-susceptible populations.
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Here we describe a method of generating gene deletions in P. falciparum that makes use of the yeast FLP-recombinase enzyme to remove introduced resistance-markers and other plasmid DNA sequences from the mutants.
However, resistance genes can only be introgressed from sexually-compatible species, so breeders need alternative measures to introduce resistance traits from more distant sources.
To introduce resistance to this disease, plants of Pineapple sweet orange were transformed with a genetic construct allowing constitutive accumulation of dermaseptin.
Formation of a protein network introduces resistance to deformation and elasticity.
Once resistance genes are identified it may be possible to directly introduce resistance into elite wine grape cultivars by transgenic technologies.
It has proven difficult to introduce resistance from wild relatives into certain cultivated legume species due to sexual incompatibilities and high degrees of autogamy.
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