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The malignant disorder, myeloma, is characterized by extensive bone destruction, which is manifested by a number of important clinical features including intractable bone pain, fractures that occur either spontaneously or following trivial injury, and hypercalcemia, which can be life-threatening.
Bone metastases are associated with hypocalcaemia due to bone destruction, intractable bone pain and pathological fractures.
Metastases to bone are frequently seen pathological lesions in advanced breast cancer, which causes debilitating skeletal complications such as osteolysis, intractable bone pain and pathologic fractures [51].
Metastatic bone lesions eventually lead to bone weakening which can result in skeletal fractures, spinal cord compression, intractable bone pain, cachexia and death [ 4].
Almost 40,000 women die from advanced breast cancer yearly in the US, the majority with bone metastases; 85% of them will have bone-destructive (osteolytic) skeletal lesions, which cause hypercalcemia, fracture, severe and intractable bone pain, and nerve compression.
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22 Finally, application of RFA is particularly appealling for pain management of intractable metastatic bone disease.
Systemic radionuclide therapy with β-emitting radiopharmaceuticals represents a therapeutic option in the management of intractable metastatic bone pain and has been used since 1942 (Pecher, 1942).
Breast or prostate cancer patients coping with bone metastases experience intractable pain, which affects their quality of life.
Breast cancer metastases in bone can cause intractable pain, bone fracture, spinal cord compression and hypercalcaemia [ 1, 2, 3].
One report described seven patients with intractable pain after the use of bone wax in foot surgery [ 4].
The most serious morbidity in these patients arises from destructive bone deposits which cause severe intractable pain and pathological fractures often resulting in deformity and disability.
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