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NMDARs are one of the main targets of ethanol action in the brain and, as such, have been implicated in mediating ethanol-associated phenotypes such as intoxication, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, craving, and relapse [44].
This module should cover substance specific epidemiology, biochemistry, clinical pharmacology (e.g., pharmacokinetics, drug testing, drug-drug interactions), neurobiology, and behavioral effects (e.g., intoxication, tolerance, physical dependence).
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"For years we've been studying simple responses such as intoxication and tolerance development," Dr. Heberlein said.
Swedish researchers attributed the "fatal intoxication" to low tolerance because of first-time use or a period of abstinence.
Use of conditional mutations revealed that normal synaptic vesicle release is required immediately after initial ethanol exposure rather than after recovery from intoxication to promote tolerance (Krishnan et al. 2011).
This study was designed to examine the roles of intracellular free magnesium ion concentration ([Mg2+]i) in ethanol-induced intoxication and development of tolerance in cultured canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells and astrocytes as well as intact rat brain.
A drug free treatment milieu is therefore vital for securing the optimal effect of pharmacological treatment and minimizing the hazards of intoxications and cross-tolerance development.
This scenario creates some hypotheses to explain the apparent tolerance of mercury intoxication observed in this population.
FolloWeSara Brolin on Twiller.
And this leads usually to an increased risk of harms associated with acute intoxication, as well as the more rapid development of tolerance which can increase overall consumption and risk of dependence.
Alcohol use is normalized and incorporated into everyday life, and there is high tolerance for heavy episodic drinking with the intention of intoxication (Saburova et al., 2011).
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