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The introduction of artificial sequences into the alignments of natural amino acids to aid in the selection of templates for homology modeling has already been demonstrated by Pei et al. [12].
When included into the alignments, the amino-acid PmHhb sequence translated from trace archives (Fig. 1A, kaki) is the clear ortholog of LfHhb (Fig. 2A), and the partial LfHha sequence is the clear ortholog of PmHha (Fig. 2A and B).
Therefore, these sequences introduced ambiguities into the alignments.
Sequences that did not introduce large gaps (greater than variation observed in previously described proteins) into the alignments were retained for further processing (Additional file 5).
This prerequisite is complicated in polyploid populations by the potential for inadvertently incorporating homoeologous sequences into the alignments, which would upwardly bias the estimates of average sequence diversity, sometimes dramatically.
In cases where we encountered multiple high scoring transcript hits against the genome, we manually looked into the alignments to rule out the occurrence of pseudogenes that frequently lacked introns when compared to the "true" genes.
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The remaining points are then taken as an input into the alignment.
The different birth rates had been a mystery until this study looking into the alignment of the clouds' structure with their magnetic fields.
In a separate fabrication run, spacer chips with a thickness of 100 µm are created with 20 µm high micropillars to fit into the alignment holes.
A score of 4 for an 'N' prevents inserting spurious gaps in the contig sequence without over-fitting contiguous 'N's into the alignment.
For example, introduction of staggered gaps into the alignment between BtVsp1 and BtVsp2 better conserves hydrophobic burial properties of a variable loop between helices 2 and 3.
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