Sentence examples for intestinal replication from inspiring English sources

We observed an intense, cytoplasmic, and granular labeling in enterocyte villi of inoculated birds only, suggesting a substantial intestinal replication of a TCoV-related virus.

In addition, the data of the present study revealed that live-attenuated Eimeria spp. strains contained in the anticoccidial vaccine were effective to replace intestinal replication and spreading of wild Eimeria spp. strains.

Our data also allowed us to determine different metabolite profiles between those with enteric fever caused by S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. These organisms have a modified physiology in comparison to other Salmonella and enter human tissue with limited intestinal replication and by potentially suppressing gastrointestinal inflammation (Jones and Falkow, 1996).

To determine the extent of intestinal virus replication of the duck H9N2 virus after laboratory adaptation in chickens, chickens were infected with 5×106 EID50 of the WT702, QA23 or QA23CkA10 viruses; 3 days later intestinal samples were taken and virus titers were determined.

Interestingly, in our study, 557 patients were double-counters, however, most of them were repeated detections of RV antigen in the stool samples during the same hospital stay or in immunocompromised patients showing a slow clearance from intestinal RV replication [ 41].

Common features of listeriosis are (i) ingestion of contaminated food (ii) colonization of the intestine (iii) intestinal translocation (iv) replication in the liver and spleen, and (v) either the resolution of infection or the hematogenous spread to other organs resulting in a systemic infection [1].

This result further confirms that EV71 infection and replication in intestinal epithelial cells is efficient and persistent.

With regard to pattern of excretion, low cloacal excretion was associated with lack of evidence for HPAIV (H5N1) replication in intestinal epithelium of any of the 23 ducks examined (Appendix Table 2), in contrast to most low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses for which intestine is the main replication site (30 ).

Whereas avian viruses, in principle, replicate at temperatures around 41°C (the temperature in the intestinal tract of birds), for replication in humans the viruses need to adapt to 33°C (the temperature of the human URT).

T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 (encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2, respectively) translocate effectors that collectively mediate penetration of the intestinal epithelium (T3SS-1) [5] or replication within phagocytic cells (T3SS-2) [6], [7].

The intestinal mucosa displays robust virus replication and pronounced CD4+ T-cell loss during acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.