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Using syndromic surveillance for detection of local gastro-intestinal outbreaks in New York City, Balter et al. found numerous cluster-signals in time, but these could not be used for effective surveillance because of insufficient comparable diagnostic data [8].
These figures are consistent with previous reports that Norovirus could be detected in 91% of all nonbacterial infectious intestinal disease outbreaks in the Netherlands (9 ) and 89% of such outbreaks in Sweden (35 ).
There were 19 outbreaks of intestinal illness during the 3-year study period.
Widespread outbreaks of intestinal disease are so rare that the commensal bacteria face little danger of extermination.
Failure to ensure drinking water safety may expose the community to the risk of outbreaks of intestinal and other infectious diseases.
To exemplify this, high concentrations of protein in the feed stimulate growth of the pig, but may disturb the intestinal microflora and induce outbreaks of diarrhoea [ 7].
Although food handlers have been implicated in many foodborne outbreaks of intestinal disease (39 ), in this instance they appeared an unlikely source for either ESCREC or salmonellae.
In his speech to foreign correspondents, Mr. Wu was apparently referring to an outbreak of intestinal virus during which China blocked W.H.O.
On pilgrimages and in wars, improvised feeding and sanitation lead to outbreaks of such intestinal infections as dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever, and sometimes more have died in war from these diseases than have been killed in the fighting.
Livestock and poultry have been identified as the most likely sources of drug-resistant strains of microbes like salmonella and campylobacter that have caused outbreaks of severe intestinal illness in people and of E. coli strains that cause serious bladder, blood and other infections.
NVs are also the most common cause of outbreaks of infectious intestinal diseases in Western Europe and North America (3 – 7 ).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com