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Inferior balance capability is associated with the tendency to fall, which is one of the more important risk factors for fractures [ 27], and interventions for fall prevention include balance training.
Despite the extensive epidemiological research on risk factors associated with falling [ 3- 5, 10, 12], and the current interventions for fall prevention focusing on modifiable factors, there is a lack of detailed information on sex-specific circumstances and consequences of falls in older adults [ 11, 14, 15], especially related to outdoor falls [ 16- 18].
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared multiple component interventions for fall prevention on fall rate, number of fallers or fall-related injuries in people aged 60 years or over (or those described as elderly, seniors or older people) with any medical condition, with no intervention, placebo or usual care.
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The use of whole-body vibration (WBV) could provide a significant improvement in bone loss at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women and could be used as a complementary intervention for fall prevention [114].
Our complex exercise intervention for fall prevention has effectively improved balance, physical function, and led to a reduction in fear of falling in this population.
This assists with the identification of modifiable risk factors and with the implementation of targeted interventions for falls prevention [ 4].
8 However, few of the studies included in a recent systematic review of interventions for falls prevention have specifically evaluated reducing falls in the post-discharge period.
1, 2 There are high levels of evidence to recommend effective interventions for falls prevention, including exercise and home safety programs, for community-dwelling older people.
A 30% reduction in falls is similar to most interventions currently recommended for fall prevention in clinical guidelines.
This suggests that robust interventions themselves are necessary--but not sufficient--for fall prevention.
There is insufficient evidence to recommend vision evaluation as a single intervention for falls prevention.
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