Today, our understanding of lifespan determination is much greater than it was in the past, but administrable interventions for longevity enhancement are still virtually absent.
So such public health initiatives, the scientists suggest, might easily be turned into dual-purpose interventions for the enhancement of well-being.
Re-expression of the lost TSGs complementary to other interventions, for example, enhancement of host immune surveillance, contributes to the improvement of currently available anti-cancer modalities.
Thus the significant differences and associations of perceived social support across age, orphanhood types, household size, number of sibling and children's present educational status call for developmentally appropriate and context specific interventions for effective enhancement of social support.
There is increasing awareness of the importance of functional status as a major heath outcome as well as an emphasis on cost effective interventions for its enhancement [ 6, 7].
Other potential interventions for moral enhancement could be neurofeedback, transcranial brain stimulation (e.g. magnetic stimulation, and direct current stimulation), electrical stimulation of the brain via electrode implants (e.g. deep brain stimulation or DBS), and neuron replacement therapy (currently investigational).
The overall comments demonstrated that most physicians were intensely risk-averse, and had a high distrust for pharmaceuticals, particularly when the drug intervention is for enhancement purposes.
This last point is critical for policy purposes, because it suggests that, in countries like the USA, the real challenge may not be regulation of the development of enhancement interventions, but rather the regulation of downstream "off-label" uses of therapeutic interventions for non-medical, enhancement purposes.
Except for psychopharmacological or hormonal treatments, few actual or potential interventions for moral bio-enhancement have been discussed in the moral enhancement debate.
Part of the practical challenge for policy-makers is that for enhancement interventions, these descriptive and normative implications seem to be at cross-purposes.
