These transformation policy options call for interventions across multiple sectors and patient cohorts, and expect benefits to be realized across the care system, driving policy analysts to take a whole-system point of view in their assessments.
In this section, we first present the NMA statistical model for one binary outcome measure and then extend it to compare multiple interventions across multiple outcomes.
MI is more effective when delivered across a series of sessions, rather than as a one-off intervention; the 2012 review by Carney and Myers (2012) included nine studies of MI in adolescent populations, concluding that individual interventions across multiple sessions had the strongest effect.
The implementation of exercise interventions within clinical trials presents numerous inherent challenges including participant safety, exercise adherence and ensuring the fidelity and standardization of the exercise intervention across multiple clinical sites.
The research component of the project aimed to evaluate the intervention across multiple domains: effectiveness, equity, implementation, process, sustainability and ethics [ 14- 16].
We interviewed a large cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing an elective percutaneous coronary intervention across multiple US hospitals and found that patients substantially overestimate the benefits of the procedure.
In spite of a moderate to high level of adherence for exercise intervention across multiple delivery approaches, only Culos-Reed et al. [ 21] directly measured changes in activity levels (decreased in strenuous physical activity, however mild and moderate physical activity stayed relatively the same) from post-intervention to subsequent follow-up assessment.
[7] While attractive in theory, more "horizontal" approaches to organization of health interventions that cut-across multiple diseases and levels of intervention are elusive in practice, though such approaches address the reality in many African communities of important risks and diseases that co-exist simultaneously.
The intervention focussed on community engagement to foster flexible intervention strategies across multiple community sectors and organisational levels.
To describe the use of systematic reviews or overviews (systematic reviews of systematic reviews) to synthesize quantitative evidence of intervention effects across multiple indications (multiple-indication reviews) and to highlight issues pertaining to such reviews.
Maintaining fidelity is challenged by the complex, multi-domain design of the intervention implemented across multiple sites and delivered to an older, heterogeneous participant pool with severe underlying disease and multi-morbidity.
