Adding a statistical reviewer had a reasonably homogeneous effect among the four study types (fig. 3), but the suggestion of employing a checklist had a negative effect on the group of intervention papers.
The included papers consisted of 141 intervention papers and 154 non-intervention papers.
38 These four intervention papers largely described the adoption of the specific research that featured in the intervention.
Degree of intentionality: There were 21 by-product papers (least intentionality), 8 network papers (mid-range intentionality) and 4 intervention papers (greatest intentionality).
These were described in the four intervention papers in the focused review, 35 38 and included collaborative approaches, quality improvement research initiatives, participatory and action research, and organisational approaches where the intention was explicitly to produce improvements in healthcare performance as a direct consequence of the research engagement of the organisation.
Structured and semi-structured pre- and post-intervention paper-form questionnaires were administered and pre- and post-intervention semi-structured and unstructured interviews were carried out with siblings and parents, as indicated in Table 1.
To establish changes to siblings' quality of life following being part of the sibling support group, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) was used pre- and post-intervention (paper-format).
The 154 non-intervention papers included 33 qualitative studies and 121 quantitative studies (see Additional file 1).
In the clinical arena, a large observational study of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has produced a useful set of predictors of failure of this intervention (see paper report) [ 6]; in addition the BTS guidelines for NIV have just been published [ 7].
A frequent world traveler from New York City, Ms. Mastrandrea wrote that in countries "where personal hygiene is accomplished without the intervention of paper products (to put it delicately), paper money becomes a breeding ground for some truly nasty germs".
With three maintenance levels prescribed by surface damage grade at intervention, the paper compares the intervention time of different durability design specifications.
