What is needed is a level of intervention, regulation and enforcement by the state that is at least on a par with seatbelt use and not smoking indoors.
From the perspective of preventive measures, results suggest the necessity of designing education and information campaigns for road users as well as allocating resources for infrastructural interventions and law enforcement in order to address the identified major problems.
In a recent review on informal health care providers in various parts of the world – where 195 papers containing any kind of recommendation on how to support informal providers better and thus the care-seeking population were included – the three categories most often mentioned were educational interventions (n=66), regulations and enforcement (n=61) and collaboration and engagement (n=38) (7).
They'll share their thoughtful research and experience about how to better ensure public safety through prevention and early intervention and fairer law enforcement policies.
The societal perspective is adopted for each intervention, and for the enforcement intervention, the government perspective is adopted.
Lastly, since a relatively large proportion of the drivers had driven without a valid driving license, legislation and enforcement interventions are likely to be less effective than education and engineering countermeasures.
Engineering, education, and enforcement interventions are well directed at preventing motor vehicle-related pedestrian crashes in the first place, yet concurrent research should also consider the secondary prevention of long-term sequelae from traumatic injuries when they do occur.
Relevant national interventions include the implementation and enforcement of regulations, legislation, and international guidelines and conventions governing the use and recycling of lead and lead-based products; public education about the health hazards of lead; and promotion of environmentally sound ULAB recycling (Basel Convention 2003; United Nations Environment Programme 2008; WHO 1995).
Intervention costs included government and local government costs associated with deliverance and enforcement of interventions and costs of materials, but excluded costs associated with lost productivity, time costs for patients due to participation in interventions or costs to others (e.g. family).
