We used a range of estimates of effective population size (N e ) and strength of selection (s) to infer the conditions likely to lead to adaptive divergence (A: β > 1.1; k > 1.1), random differentiation (R: β < 1), or genetic homogeneity (H: β > 1.1; k < 1) across the 95% confidence interval of estimated migration among MRHS and MRBC.
While Gutenkunst et al. (2009) infer very large values for the gene flow between populations after the out-of-Africa event, our confidence intervals for the migration rates are significantly smaller and closer to the zero-migration limit.
The difference of the medians for each measured parameter of migration with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated as described by Campbell and Gardner (1988).
The basic steps involve creating a 'wound' in a cell monolayer, capturing the images at the beginning and at regular intervals during cell migration to close the wound and comparing the images to quantify the migration rate of the cells.
An additional 4D-PET cannot overcome false positive or negatives due to tracer kinetics, but there may be an impact on management if glucose uptake sufficiently predicts mitotic behaviour allowing allocation to a CT observational strategy without concern of interval stage migration.
Maximal slope of migration was estimated over a 10-min interval.
Finally, estimates of migration between pairs of lineages had 95% high posterior density intervals that overlapped with zero (Additional file 4).
The red arrow represents the mean direction of migration and the green segment represents the 95% confidence interval determined by Rayleigh test.
In addition, the absence of migration in the opposite direction is not included in the 95% confidence interval (values range from 0.222 to 8.898), thus supporting the presence of migration in both directions.
BayesAss+ 1.3 estimates of migration rates among laboratory-cultured populations are shown in Figure 3a and 4a, along with 95% confidence intervals.
Paleosols, ponded-water elements, and large vertebrate burrows in both Sm and Fm indicate that episodes of floodplain deposition, bar accretion, and channel filling were regularly followed by intervals of nondeposition on floodplains and by channel migration and abandonment.
