The net effect of increasing p in the short term is a shorter interval of resistance-dominated infection, i.e., fewer viral replication cycles involving the drug-resistant mutant.
Based on the 33 meta-QTL that contained more than one initial QTL for either Aphanomyces resistance or for plant earliness and height, six genomic regions were detected with overlapping intervals of resistance and phenological QTL.
However, the focus of this study was those loci that fell within the confidence interval of GLS resistance QTL identified through the bi-parental approach.
Positional candidate genes included within the support interval of main resistance meta-QTL regions were identified using the Pea- M. truncatula toolkit of Bordat et al.[ 47].
In fact, the confidence interval of GLS resistance QTL discovered by Zwonitzer et al. [ 15] goes towards bin 1.09, while QTLGLSchr1 resides at the distal portion of bin 1.08.
The application of a genetic linkage – GWAS hybrid mapping system enabled us to dramatically increase the resolution within the confidence interval of GLS resistance QTL by-passing labor- and time-intensive fine mapping.
This time is similar to the interval for development of resistance to adamantanes in subtype H3N2 viruses when 30% of treated patients shed resistant, transmissible virus within 3 days of beginning treatment (7 ).
Given a sufficiently long time interval, the emergence of resistance to these strategies is inevitable – for example, with hormone therapy resistance, this constitutes a situation called castrate resistance.
Remarkably, GWAS drastically increased the resolution within the confidence intervals of GLS resistance QTL.
The importance of these dynamics is illustrated by modeling long-lived latent reservoirs of virus, through which past intervals of drug resistance can lead to failure of suppressive drug regimens.
In our experiments, the confidence intervals of GLS resistance QTL discovered by genetic linkage analysis were large, which was expected taking into account the small size of the bi-parental mapping population.
