Quine ("Identity, Ostension and Hypostasis"in his 1963) has suggested that when a predicate is an I-predicate in a theory only because the language in which the theory is expressed does not allow one to distinguish items between which it holds, one can reinterpret the sentences of the theory so that the I-predicate in the newly interpreted theory does express identity.
In contrast, in part due to its pluralism about what a scientific theory actually (and possibly) is, and because it interprets theory structure as distributed in practices, the Pragmatic View resists the definitional and normative terms set by the other two views.
The interpretation is quantitative, qualitative and combined where the quantitative results are clarified by the qualitative results, in order to generalize the findings, predict and interpret theory.
It may be possible to nominalistically interpret theories of function spaces on the real numbers, say.
Crucially, unlike traditional instrumentalism and logical empiricism, constructive empiricism interprets theories in precisely the same manner as realism.
Such a realism interprets theories not as summaries of experience, but as genuine conjectures about a mind-independent reality.
Aczel used this technique to provide models of Forti-Honsell's antifoundation axiom [1983]; Hinnion's idea was to use isomorphism classes of wellfounded pointed extensional relational types to interpret theories of wellfounded sets in NF.
Obviously things are confused by the use of the concept of chance as a way of interpreting probability theory.
Interpreting this theory in an open economy framework implies that increased competition from international trade will also reduce employers' ability to engage in costly discrimination against women by driving down profit margins, and hence women's relative wages should rise.
While he left significant room in precisely how one might interpret the theory, the core of Everett's interpretation involved four closely related arguments.
Because this seems to make the soul into a property of the body, it led many interpreters, both ancient and modern, to interpret his theory as materialistic.
