Graff Fara (2009) argues that, by rejecting World Haecceitism, cheap haecceitism cannot satisfactorily interpret modal logic enriched with an actuality operator.
Łukasiewicz interpreted this logic as a specific formal theory, not as a fragment of predicate logic, as it was usually done (for example by Frege or Russell).
When the states are interpreted as logic values this translates to logic negation since C and D both represent logic value 0, A logic value −1, and B logic value 1. Figure 3 Inter-layer interaction.
This research proposes specific algorithms for interpreting the logic-based rules to FCMs as well as specific algorithms and formulas for calculating the values of multi-branch map hierarchies.
If the well-polarized cell is placed diagonally to the observed cell, then state A in the well-polarized cell induces state B in the observed cell, state B induces state A, state C induces state C, and state D induces state D. When the states are interpreted as logic values, this translates to logic negation.
The signal from the Akt branch is interpreted as logic 0 for A k tu=0 (i.e. when all Akt is in the phosphorylated form) and is considered logic 1 when A k tu= A k ttot=2 × 10.
In the case of ethnographic observation, this method will seek to interpret the logic and implied meanings in the actions and to compare these actions at the level of intentions and idealisations with their context.
As Sider (2006: §3) points out, the "set-like structure" of pluralities is crucial to the theoretical role of the plural quantifiers in standing in for sets (e.g., in the definition of the ancestral relation), interpreting second-order logic, and comparing the cardinalities of pluralities too big to form sets. 25.
We also provide a logical characterization in terms of a natural monadic second-order logic interpreted over MSCs.
The system employs a novel, dual-leveled language that follows fuzzy logic by interpreting the logical or and and as the arithmetical max and min. Numerous properties of Σ, illustrating its intuitive appeal for the intended purpose, are derived.
