In some areas serfdom was renewed, or confirmed, as jurists interpreted the more stringent types of peasant obligation in the light of the revived Roman law of slavery.
The German government should establish a historical commission, like the one that investigated the conduct of the foreign office under National Socialism, to determine why jurists interpreted the law so narrowly that thousands of Grönings escaped any form of retribution, however belated and inadequate.
In fact, ISIS' promotional literature shows that it departs significantly from the position of most Muslim jurists by interpreting jihad as fard al-'ayn (individual religious duty).
- We also studied edicts passed on the subject by the Grand Muftis (chief jurists who interpret Muslim law) of Jordan and Egypt.
Interpreting Shariah is done by jurists known as "fuqahaa" who look at the practicality of both time and place regarding how a ruling can be applied.
In his recent travels, he has directed questions on the issue toward a discussion about judges, saying he would appoint jurists who believe in interpreting, not making, the law: judges, he said, like Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. and Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel A. Alito Jr., who he has said he believed would place limits on Roe v. Wade.
In a show of force, mobs destroyed Sanei's office as they chanted "death to anyone opposed to velayat-e-faqih" — the "Guardianship of the Jurist," which places a leader interpreting God's word atop republican institutions.
Some jurists look to societal changes when interpreting the law, and scholars speculate that Justice Anthony Kennedy, the possible swing vote in the divided court, will be pondering increased public support for gay marriage.
It relies instead on a quarrelsome army of jurists and scholars, each of whom interprets the Koran, the Sunna (stories of the Prophet's exemplary life), and the Hadith (the Prophet's sayings) according to his own lights, which leads to a marvellous profusion of schisms, sects, and heresies.
Montazeri had been instrumental in 1979 in the creation of the system of Guardianship of the Jurist, or velayat-e-faqih, placing a leader interpreting God's word atop circumscribed republican institutions.
